HELLIGE SKRIFTER

1QHa 14,21 og 4Q429 (fr. 4 i 4-5) i kultprogrammet Accordance

Kultprogrammet Accordance er litt i strid med seg selv når det gjelder gjengivelsen av uttrykket l'yn chsd eller l'yn hsd i 1QHa 14,21 og 4Q429 fr. 4 i 5:

- Noe overraskende leser de he istf. het i sistnevnte ord, og tolker ordet som en inf. constr. av verbet swr.

- Oversettelsene viser imidlertid at de forutsetter he på det ene stedet ("without turning aside," 1QHa 14,21) og het på det andre stedet ("without end", 4Q429 fr. 4 i 5). Dette til tross for at begge stedene speiler den samme teksten.

Sånn går nu dagan.

Årstein

En hund etter Dødehavsruller ...

"In about 800 C.E. some Heberw manuscripts were discovered near Jericho. According to a letter written by Timotheus I (726-819 C.E.), the Nestorian partriarch of Seleucia, to the archbishop of Elam, an Arab hunter's dog had pursued an animal into a cave near the Dead Sea. When the hunter went to look for his dog, he found "a cave in the rock and many books therein." The hunter then took his loot to Jeruslaem, where at least some of the manuscripts were identified as books of the Bible written in Hebrew. In all probability, these manuscripts came from the same set of caves in which the Dead Sea Scrolls were found under similar circumstances in 1947 and during the decade thereafter."

James A. Sanders and Astrid Beck, "The Leningrad Codex: Rediscovering the Oldest Complete Hebrew Bible," Bible Review August (1997): 32-41,46, s. 36-37.

 

No canon or canonical text before the end of the first century

Beklager, jeg har litt hang-up på kanonspørsmål for tiden. Sitatet nedenfor stamner fra den store qumranitt Ulrich: 

"Prior to the end of the first century, we do not have a canon in either Judaism or Christianity. We have a canon-in-the-making, but we do not have a canon. We have, well documented by practice, the concept of authoritative sacred books which are to be preserved very faithfully. And we have a "canonical process", that is, the activity by which books later to become accepted as the canon were produced and treated as sacred and authoritative. But we do not have a canon or a canonical text before the end of the first century."

E. Ulrich, "The Canonical Process, Textual Criticism, and Latter Stages in the composition of the Bible," in M. Fishbane and E. Tov (eds.), ´Sha´arei Talmon´: Studies in the Bible, 274.

Man kunne legge til at skillet mellom såkalte "autoritative skrifter" og andre skrifter heller ikke alltid er så lett å etablere på denne tiden. 

Årstein

"Treated as authoritative ..."

"The number of allusions to the Serekh ha-Yahad in non-Serekh texts is ... impressive, suggesting that it was fully integrated into community life and treated as authoritative."

Philip S. Alexander, "Predestination and Free Will in the Theology of the Dead Sea Scolls," p. 38 i Early Christianity in Context (ed. J. Barclay; 2006).

"Treated as authoritative" - hva betyr egentlig et slikt formular i tiden før den hebraiske bibelen var samlet? Betyr det at tekster som ikke svarer til en slik kategori, ikke hadde autoritet? 

Formularet brukes ofte, men er lite klargjørende - i alle fall når det anvendes udefinert.

Årstein

4Q246 2:2-3 - a kingdom?

Noterer til min overraskelse at Albert L.A. Hogeterp synes å mene at linjene i 4Q246 2:2-3 kun refererer til ett kongedømme, jf "4Q246 2:2-3 mentions a restricted period of years for the rule of a kingdom that crushes everything before the envisioned advent of an eternal kingdom". (Albert L.A. Hogeterp, "Daniel and the Qumran Daniel Cycle". S. 189 i Authoritative Scriptures in Ancient Judaism, ed. M. Popovic, Brill, 2010.)

Se til dette stedet, Årstein Justnes, The Time of Salvation, 127-133.

Årstein

Dødehavsrullerne

De gemmes ned og hentes siden en for en

i lertøjskrukker mellem sand og sten

som Skriftens ruller fra Det Døde Hav

hvor solen daglig brænder hud til rav

 

Hvor klipper slibes ned til støv og blotter:

De findes skjult i Qumrans hulegrotter

bevaret dybt i ørknens gule øde

hvor engle ikke lader liv genføde

 

Daterbar er papyrus ved en kemisk test

tillige sort kalligrafi og åndfuldhed

hvoraf der findes kun en sidste rest

 

Som tegn fra tid der lyser stjernesvagt

der møder du din egen stilhed

og hører toner i en hvid agat.

 

Pia Tafdrup, Territorialsang: En Jerusalemkomposition, 1994.  

(Årstein)

 

Qumran Science Center

Here's a link to the Qumran Science Center:

http://micro5.mscc.huji.ac.il/~msjan/qumransciencecenter.html

To get an overview of this page, click on the introduction page

 

Morten

Two remarkables about great discoveries

It is remarkable how often really great discoveries, particularly of documents, are made casually by people who have no idea of what they have found. And it is further remarkable how, the initial discovery having been made, the same sequence of events then follows: the material is carried about from pillar to post, shown to anyone who could not possibly know anything about it, and ultimately bought for a very small sum as a speculation. It is not until the material has been seriously diminished by frequent incompetent handling that it reaches the hands of a person who can appreciate its true value.

Lankester Harding, DJD 1, 3

(Årstein)

Bibel, Qumran og mosaikk

Hva finner den som leter etter et gammeltestamente blant Qumran-tekstene?

Er han eller hun tålmodig, vil han/hun nok til sist finne et gammeltestamente i biter, men likevel ikke biter av et puslespill til Det gamle testamente. For det har aldri vært noe gammeltestamente eller noen jødisk bibel i Qumran. Den forsker som samler sammen biter i Qumran for å lage seg en bibelutgave, driver således ikke med puslespill, men snarere med å lage en mosaikk. Han eller hun plasserer gamle bruddstykker inn i en delvis ny sammenheng.

Årstein

Writing the Dead Sea Scrolls

In this National Geographic Channel special, Dr. Robert R. Cargill (UCLA) investigates old clues and new  scientific evidence in an effort to determine once and for all (!) who wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Morten & Årstein